South Africa: Residents stand guard in neighbourhoods to prevent looting

Armed residents in Phoenix, northwest of South Africa’s coastal city of Durban have placed roadblocks around their neighborhoods. They warm themselves by fires as they stand guard to prevent looting. 

At least 20 people have died in Phoenix after a week of violent unrest. Across the country, the death toll has passed 100 since protests against ex-president Jacob Zuma's imprisonment spilled over into mass looting of shops and warehouses. 

The violence is arguably one of the worst South Africa has seen since the start of democracy 27 years ago.

The death toll  from the unrest rose to 117 on Thursday, as the country called up its army reserves in a bid to quell looting that has stoked fears of shortages and dealt a crippling economic blow.

The acting minister in the presidency, Khumbudzo Ntshavheni, told reporters that Johannesburg, South Africa's economic capital, was now "relatively calm" while the southeastern province of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) -- the epicentre of the violence -- "remains volatile."

Defence, security and police ministers and top army generals were dispatched to KZN to assess the situation and oversee the expanded deployment of security forces.

On Wednesday, the government said it would call out around 25,000 troops to tackle the emergency -- 10 times the number that it initially deployed and equivalent to about a third of the country's active military personnel.

Army chief Lieutenant-General Lawrence Mbatha ordered all reserve members to report for duty on Thursday, as the unrest entered its sixth day.

Minister Ntshavheni said "by this morning, 10,000 boots were already on the ground".

Stores and warehouses in Johannesburg and KZN have been ransacked, devastating crucial supply chains for food, fuel and medicines in Africa's most industrialised economy.

Thousands of business are estimated to have been plundered in what the minister described as "economic sabotage" masterminded by 12 suspects.

"Of the 12 alleged instigators, one is in custody and... the (police) tracking team has increased the surveillance of the remaining 11," she said.

In all 2,203 people have been arrested during the unrest for various offences including theft.

Looting continued on Thursday in KZN, but the situation was quieter in Johannesburg, where volunteers in the city's townships took part in cleanup operations.

Residents lined up for their turn to buy food and other essentials at a mall in Alexandra township in northern Johannesburg that had been spared looting, as 20 soldiers patrolled the floors.

Volunteers took part in a cleanup operation at the Jabulani shopping centre in Soweto.

Community leader Musa Mbele-Radebe, 30, told AFP: "The use of the army is quite good, because our people are quite scared of the army compared to the police.

"It only took four soldiers to control a situation of a thousand (people) that was gathering in this mall."

- Zuma protest -

The unrest began a day after former president Jacob Zuma -- who commands support from some of the country's poor -- began a 15-month jail term on July 8 for refusing to testify to a commission probing corruption under his tenure.

Protests quickly turned into looting as crowds pillaged shopping malls, hauling away goods as police stood by, seemingly powerless to act.